What is Giclee?
FIrst of all, know that "Giclee" is a made-up word that sounds French and very classy. It more or less means "to spray." It is pronounced gee-clay or zhee-clay, but there are at least a half dozen different pronunciations online. It was originally created because "inkjet printer" sounded like something almost everyone now has on their desktop.

The printers in use in the mid 90's for printing art work, Iris Inkjets, were actually made to create proofs for the printing industry and the prints had a reputation for fading quickly. So there was a need for a new name when better inks were developed. But even now not all inkjet printers are created equal, and most can not create a Giclee worth selling as a fine art print:

• Desktop inkjet printers generally use dyes for ink. The colors are bright and they work very well for business graphics and even snapshot photographs, but they are not very permanent. A print can fade in a matter of months.
  
  
• Wide format inkjet printers found in sign shops and many photo labs are normally designed to use pigment inks that withstand outdoor or harsh environments (like floor graphics for example). They are very permanent, but do not have very good colors and often have noticeable printer dots. The printers can print very quickly, but the quality is not very high.
  
  
• Photographic quality wide format inkjet printers combine the best of both of these types. They use pigment inks that are archival (they last on paper over 100 years), but they produce bright rich colors with smooth tones that have no visible dots. Epson pioneered this type of printer and called it "Ultrachrome." It is the most popular printer amongst photographers today and a great choice for reproducing art of all kinds. This type of printer is now what is used for Giclee prints.

Giclee can be on paper or canvas, or in theory any other material. However the term normally does imply archival permanence, which 100% rag paper and cotton canvas do provide. Add archival ink to archival material and you have a work of art that can last for hundreds of years.

Although you could run unlimited copies of a Giclee print, the printers are slow and the inks are very expensive so it is doubtful that edition sizes would exceed more than a couple of hundred. More typically an edition would be about a hundred or less. Even a so called "open edition" of Giclee prints may exist in only a handful of copies.

Giclee prints are very different than the editions of art produced in the 80's and 90's where editions of five thousand or more were common. Those prints were made on offset presses where the cost per print dropped substantially when the number of prints went up. In fact it often cost only a few dollars more to get 2000 prints than it would have for 1000. So why not crank them out (particularly given the very high initial setup costs)? But for most artists selling thousands or even hundreds of prints of an image is unreasonable. Thus Giclee has replaced offset prints for artists today since you can order only the prints you need, and yet reorder more at any time.

Giclee are really more like hand printed photographs. They are very permanent, have beautiful tones and colors, are normally done in modest quantities, and require a degree of skill to produce well. And best of all, a good one will look virtually indistinguishable from the original.

Close-up of an eight color print head printing a 40X50 photograph

Tips on Finding a Giclee Print Studio to Work With:
We have been hearing from a lot of artists lately who have had their Giclee printer either go out of business, or cut back on quality and service. It is probably in part, a sign of the economy. But unfortunately it is also the nature of the Giclee business. When we started printing six years ago there were four Giclee printers in our area; we are now the only one left.

1) Look for someone who specializes in Giclee. Many of the printers going out of business were wedding photographers, frame shops, galleries or sign printers that were doing Giclee on the side. If a company does not make working for artists their number one priority, you can not expect top-notch quality or service.

2) A good Giclee print company will have constantly invested in new equipment. In the five years we have been in the Giclee business we have gone through three generations of Epson printers to take advantage of improvements in quality. Someone running a six year old HP or other wide printer (probably designed for signage originally) can not come close to matching the quality of today’s top of the line printers designed for fine art.

3) Look for an artist to do your printing, not a technician, or "color management specialist." First of all, another artist will understand fine art media and know how to handle fragile art like pastels, chalk and charcoal. But more importantly, they will want your art to be reproduced as well as they expect their own art printed. Ideally you will work directly with this person, and not a sales person.

4) Color matching is a learned skill. Make sure you are dealing with someone who has spent a minimum of five years (ten or more is better) matching color. This may include experience in color photography printing, or working in the traditional print field in prepress, as well as Giclee printing.

5) The best Giclee printers use the best inks and materials. For papers we believe that Hahnemuhle and Crane, both long established manufacturers of fine papers, are the best. For ink, tests have shown Epson to be the best for color quality and longevity.

Remember Giclee printing is an art. As Norman Sanders, a printer, photographer and author of the book Photographing for Publication said: “There is a reason printing is called the Graphics Arts; it is an art—not a science.“ There is no magic software to match your original to a printers output. It takes an artist's eye to understand another artist's touch.

What do you do if your printer does go out of business, or you are unhappy with their quality? Get your files. Be aware that they probably will not print exactly the same on a different machine. But if you have a good print or the original to match, the files can probably be used by another company to produce new prints that will be every bit as good as your original art work.

Call us at at: 715.792.5556 or you can e-mail us at:

info@husomandrose.com for more information.